Answer: The National Center for Homeless Education produces a handy guide to data collection for states, which spells out exactly what the U.S. Department of Education requires to be collected. You can download it here. Some states and districts collect additional information, particularly related to chronic absenteeism and school discipline. Those data consistently show disproportionalities for students experiencing homelessness, so we certainly encourage districts to look at those numbers locally.
In addition, our Education Leads Home campaign has created State Snapshots summarizing available data, including high school graduation rates.